OPT

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary employment authorization that allows F-1 international students to work in the United States for up to 12 months. OPT provides an invaluable opportunity for students to gain practical experience in their field of study, applying their academic knowledge in a professional setting. For students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, an additional 24-month extension is available, allowing for a total of 36 months of work authorization.

At DIY My Green Card, we help students navigate the OPT process, so they can maximize their educational experience and take the first step toward a professional career in the U.S.

What is OPT?

OPT allows F-1 students to engage in employment directly related to their major area of study. Unlike Curricular Practical Training (CPT), which must be a required part of your academic curriculum, OPT can be pursued either before (pre-completion) or after graduation (post-completion). It provides flexibility for students to work with different employers, gain hands-on experience, and potentially open doors for future career opportunities.

Types of OPT

1. Pre-Completion OPT:

   • Can be used before completing your degree.

   • Work is limited to 20 hours per week while school is in session but can be full-time during breaks.

2. Post-Completion OPT:

   • Starts after graduation.

   • Full-time employment (more than 20 hours per week) is allowed.

   • Most students use this option to gain work experience after completing their academic programs.

Who is Eligible for OPT?

To qualify for OPT, students must meet the following criteria:

• F-1 Status: Must be enrolled in an academic program at an accredited U.S. institution.

• Full-Time Enrollment: Completed at least one full academic year (two semesters) of full-time study.

• Valid for Degree Programs: OPT must be directly related to your field of study, and you must not have previously used 12 months of full-time CPT at the same degree level.

Applying for OPT

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to apply for OPT:

1. Consult Your Designated School Official (DSO)

• Meet with your DSO to discuss your plans for OPT. The DSO will recommend OPT in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) and issue an updated Form I-20 with the OPT recommendation.

2. Prepare and Submit Form I-765

• Complete Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. The form requires you to select the eligibility category: (c)(3)(B) for post-completion OPT or (c)(3)(A) for pre-completion OPT.

• Gather supporting documents, including:

  • A copy of the new Form I-20 with OPT recommendation.

  • Passport-sized photos.

  • A copy of your passport, visa, and Form I-94.

• Pay the application fee (currently $410, but subject to change) and include the payment with your application.

3. Submit the Application to USCIS

• Mail your completed Form I-765 and supporting documents to the appropriate USCIS address, based on your location and eligibility category. Alternatively, some applicants may be eligible to file Form I-765 online.

• USCIS must receive your OPT application within 30 days of the date your DSO recommends OPT in SEVIS.

4. Wait for Approval

• After submitting your application, USCIS will send a receipt notice to confirm they have received it.

• If approved, you will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD), which is your work permit, indicating the dates you are authorized to work.

Key Points to Remember About OPT

• Start Dates: For post-completion OPT, you can choose a start date that is within 60 days after your program end date.

• Unemployment: During the OPT period, you cannot be unemployed for more than 90 days for post-completion OPT or 150 days if you have an approved STEM extension.

• Travel: Traveling outside the U.S. while your OPT application is pending can be risky. If you must travel, consult with your DSO to ensure you have the necessary documents for re-entry.

• Changing Employers: OPT allows you to change employers, as long as the work is directly related to your major field of study. Keep your DSO updated with any changes in your employment.

STEM OPT Extension

If you graduated with a degree in a STEM field (Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics), you may be eligible for a 24-month extension of your post-completion OPT:

• Eligibility: Must have a degree in an approved STEM field and work for an employer enrolled in the E-Verify program.

• Applying for the Extension: Submit Form I-765 for the STEM OPT extension within 90 days before your current OPT expires.

OPT vs. CPT: What’s the Difference?

• CPT: Must be tied to your curriculum and requires immediate authorization through your school.

• OPT: Provides more flexibility, as it can be pursued both before and after graduation, is not employer-specific, and requires direct application to USCIS.

Conclusion

Optional Practical Training (OPT) offers F-1 students a valuable opportunity to gain hands-on work experience in their field of study. By understanding the eligibility requirements, application process, and employment rules, you can make the most of your time as an international student in the United States.

At DIY My Green Card, we’re here to help you navigate the OPT process, from application to job search strategies, ensuring that you can confidently take advantage of this essential work opportunity.

Ready to apply for OPT or need help understanding your options? Contact us to explore how we can support your journey toward professional experience in the U.S.